Raven Cosplay, a fascinating interpretation of the enduring DC character, transcends mere imitation. This exploration delves into the intricate world of Raven’s portrayal, from the historic evolution of her cosplay to the sensible concerns of crafting genuine or distinctive representations. We’ll analyze numerous design parts, group dynamics, and media influences, in the end providing a complete information for aspiring and seasoned cosplayers.
Unveiling the multifaceted nature of Raven Cosplay, we’ll discover the core ideas behind profitable interpretations. From understanding the symbolism and imagery related to Raven to mastering the craft of fabric choice and prop creation, this information supplies a complete framework for anybody in search of to deliver the character to life. This deep dive examines the technicalities of crafting, the group spirit behind it, and the various inspirations that drive the creation of compelling Raven cosplays.
Overview of Raven Cosplay
Raven, the enigmatic anti-heroine from DC Comics, has captivated audiences along with her complicated character and placing aesthetic. Her raven-like look, sharp wit, and rebellious nature make her a preferred topic for cosplay. This exploration delves into the multifaceted world of Raven cosplay, analyzing its evolution, interpretations, and various shows.Raven cosplay, at its core, entails recreating the look and infrequently the character of the character.
This encompasses extra than simply mimicking her look; it entails decoding the emotional depth and inside conflicts that outline Raven. The inventive course of is deeply rooted within the character’s evolving portrayal throughout numerous mediums, from comedian books to animated sequence and movies.
Historic Context and Evolution
Raven’s cosplay, reflecting the character’s growth, has mirrored the evolution of cosplay tradition itself. Early depictions usually centered on recreating the character’s iconic outfit from the comedian books, that includes her darkish apparel and signature equipment. Because the character gained extra publicity in animated sequence and movies, cosplay interpretations broadened to include parts from these totally different variations. Moreover, the growing accessibility of supplies and methods influenced the standard and class of Raven cosplay creations.
This evolution has been a dynamic interaction between the character’s portrayal and the evolving developments throughout the cosplay group.
Interpretations and Shows of Raven Cosplay
Raven’s multifaceted nature permits for various interpretations in cosplay. Some cosplayers select to concentrate on her rebellious and brooding points, emphasizing her darker, extra melancholic aspect. Others painting a extra empowered and assertive Raven, highlighting her power and willpower. A notable side is the inclusion of private kinds, reminiscent of incorporating parts of Gothic, Victorian, and even futuristic aesthetics to additional improve the character’s distinctive identification.
Widespread Raven Cosplay Kinds
Quite a few variations exist inside Raven cosplay, every showcasing distinctive interpretations of the character. A typical fashion entails recreating her basic look from the comics, usually incorporating black leather-based, darkish materials, and refined accents of crimson or purple. One other widespread fashion incorporates parts of Gothic style, using flowing black clothes and ornate equipment to emphasise her enigmatic aura. A extra fashionable take would possibly incorporate futuristic parts, with modern, metallic accents and elaborate armor, reflecting a extra technologically superior model of the character.
These totally different kinds reveal the adaptability and artistic freedom throughout the Raven cosplay group.
Examples of Variations and Interpretations
Raven’s various character permits for a mess of interpretations. Cosplayers usually showcase her in numerous emotional states, from stoic and brooding to fiercely decided and empowered. A notable instance consists of the incorporation of refined facial expressions and physique language to painting her internal turmoil and battle. One other instance is the creation of elaborate costumes that precisely replicate the precise Raven illustration from totally different mediums.
Raven cosplay, a preferred selection for followers, usually delves into the nuanced points of character design. Understanding the underlying ideas of Darkish Or Mild Dti, like this , can considerably improve the depth of a Raven cosplay. This understanding interprets instantly right into a extra impactful and interesting presentation for any fan.
As an example, a Raven cosplay from the animated sequence would possibly differ considerably from one impressed by a selected comedian guide arc.
Raven Cosplay Supplies and Strategies
Bringing the enduring Raven character to life in cosplay requires cautious consideration of supplies and methods. Success hinges on precisely capturing her distinctive fashion, whether or not aiming for a sensible portrayal or a stylized interpretation. The best decisions improve the general influence and immersion of the cosplay expertise. Understanding the nuances of varied supplies and crafting strategies is essential for reaching a compelling and genuine illustration.The effectiveness of a Raven cosplay relies upon considerably on the meticulous choice and utility of supplies.
Raven Cosplay, a preferred selection for fans, usually entails intricate particulars. Contemplating the current surge in recognition of Huge Sean Braids, it is clear that particular hair kinds are influencing cosplay developments, as seen within the intricate particulars of Big Sean Braids. This means a robust connection between present style and artistic expression inside Raven Cosplay.
From materials to specialised instruments, each ingredient contributes to the ultimate final result. Mastering crafting methods, reminiscent of stitching, sculpting, and portray, allows cosplayers to provide detailed and correct parts. In the end, this data empowers cosplayers to create a compelling and immersive portrayal.
Frequent Cosplay Supplies for Raven
Cautious materials choice is key to a profitable Raven cosplay. Supplies ought to replicate the character’s aesthetic, whether or not practical or stylized. Frequent decisions embrace numerous forms of materials, leather-based, and plastics. Material choice should take into account drape, texture, and shade to copy Raven’s look successfully.
Crafting Strategies for Raven Cosplay
A number of crafting methods are important for creating intricate Raven cosplay parts. Stitching, usually used for creating clothes, permits for exact particulars. Sculpting methods, like utilizing clay or resin, allow the creation of three-dimensional parts, like equipment or weaponry. Portray provides visible depth and texture, enhancing the realism or distinctive fashion of the cosplay.
Specialised Supplies, Instruments, and Gear
Sure specialised supplies, instruments, and gear improve the cosplay course of. Excessive-quality materials with particular textures or properties can mimic Raven’s apparel precisely. Instruments like specialised stitching needles or sculpting instruments contribute to precision and effectivity. Take into account the usage of specialised paints or dyes for correct shade copy.
Creating Correct or Distinctive Raven Cosplay Parts
Creating parts that replicate Raven’s character is important. For instance, precisely recreating her signature clothes, together with particular patterns or textures, contributes to the cosplay’s authenticity. Sculpting detailed equipment, like her signature necklace, provides a personalized effect. Alternatively, cosplayers can discover distinctive interpretations, incorporating customized parts that replicate their imaginative and prescient of the character.
Comparability of Cosplay Supplies
| Materials | Professionals | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Polyester | Sturdy, inexpensive, available, simple to stitch | Can lack the drape and really feel of pure materials |
| Cotton | Smooth, breathable, pure drape, good for detailed stitching | Can wrinkle simply, doubtlessly costlier |
| Leather-based | Sturdy, sturdy, provides a contact of realism, could be molded | Could be costly, difficult to work with, might require specialised instruments |
| Resin | Sturdy, light-weight, moldable, permits for intricate particulars | Could be costly, requires specialised instruments and methods for molding and ending |
Raven Cosplay Design and Aesthetics
Raven cosplay, a preferred selection amongst followers, provides a wealthy canvas for inventive expression. Understanding the design parts and aesthetics related to the character is vital to crafting a compelling and genuine illustration. This entails exploring the symbolism and imagery embedded throughout the character, and translating these parts into distinct cosplay interpretations. In the end, the aim is to successfully talk Raven’s multifaceted character and traits by way of the design decisions.A profitable Raven cosplay transcends mere imitation; it turns into a nuanced portrayal that resonates with the character’s depth and complexity.
This exploration dives into the various design approaches and aesthetics, providing insights into how you can successfully signify Raven in a singular and compelling method.
Totally different Design Parts and Aesthetics
Understanding the various aesthetic decisions accessible for Raven cosplay permits cosplayers to attach with the character on a deeper degree. From the basic darkish and brooding imagery to extra playful interpretations, the choices are plentiful. Key design parts embrace shade palettes, clothes kinds, equipment, and total visible presentation. These parts, when fastidiously thought-about, can elevate a cosplay from merely resembling Raven to actually embodying her essence.
Symbolism and Imagery in Raven Cosplay
Raven, along with her distinctive historical past and character traits, is laden with symbolic that means. Her darkish aesthetic, usually related to thriller and intrigue, could be interpreted in numerous methods by way of cosplay. The imagery linked to Raven, whether or not it is her raven-inspired options or the symbolism embedded in her apparel, supplies a framework for creating a strong and evocative illustration.
Representing Raven’s Character and Traits
Raven’s character is multifaceted, starting from mental curiosity to a fierce independence. Cosplayers can successfully seize these points by way of refined but highly effective design decisions. Emphasizing Raven’s intelligence by way of the equipment or her apparel, or highlighting her rebellious spirit by way of clothes kinds, could make a cosplay really stand out. Consideration to element is essential in successfully speaking these traits by way of the costume.
Aesthetic Variations in Raven Cosplay
| Theme | Description | Visible Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Darkish Academia | A complicated and scholarly aesthetic, characterised by muted tones, flowing materials, and complicated particulars. Raven’s intelligence and mental nature are emphasised. | Raven in a darkish, flowing robe, paired with delicate silver jewellery and a well-worn leather-bound guide. Her hair styled in intricate braids or a scholarly bun. |
| Gothic | A dramatic and mysterious aesthetic, emphasizing Raven’s darker aspect and rebellious spirit. Options embrace black clothes, intricate lace, and dramatic equipment. | Raven in a black corset with intricate lace overlay, paired with an extended, flowing black cloak. Equipment like ornate chains, rings, and skull-shaped jewellery add to the gothic really feel. Make-up is accentuated to spotlight sharp options and dramatic shadows. |
| Cyberpunk | A futuristic and technological aesthetic, representing Raven’s superior mind and futuristic parts. Options embrace metallic accents, technological equipment, and a streamlined design. | Raven with cybernetic enhancements, reminiscent of glowing tattoos, metallic armor items, and attention-grabbing goggles. The costume options futuristic materials and shade palettes, emphasizing know-how and innovation. |
| Steampunk | A Victorian-era aesthetic infused with know-how and mechanics, reflecting Raven’s mind and distinctive character. Options embrace intricate gears, metallic accents, and detailed clothes. | Raven in a Victorian-inspired outfit with gears and cogs integrated into the design, alongside different mechanical parts. Her apparel options intricate lace overlays and detailed metallic accents, showcasing each historic and futuristic parts. |
Idea for a Distinctive Raven Cosplay
A novel Raven cosplay may draw inspiration from the “Shadow Weaver” theme. This cosplay would emphasize Raven’s enigmatic nature and her connection to shadows. The costume would incorporate darkish, muted tones, with flowing, barely tattered materials. Equipment like intricate shadow-like patterns and refined glowing parts would additional improve the “Shadow Weaver” aesthetic. Make-up would concentrate on making a mysterious and ethereal look.
Raven Cosplay Neighborhood and Tradition
The Raven cosplay group thrives on-line and offline, fostering a vibrant ecosystem of creativity, collaboration, and shared ardour. This intricate community of cosplayers connects by way of shared experiences and a dedication to bringing the character to life. From meticulously crafted costumes to fascinating performances, the Raven cosplay group demonstrates a robust sense of belonging and mutual assist.This group’s affect extends past the realm of cosplay, impacting widespread tradition by way of its distinctive contributions.
The Raven cosplay group showcases the various interpretations and views of this character, contributing to a wealthy tapestry of creative expression.
On-line Communities and Platforms
The digital sphere performs an important position in connecting Raven cosplayers. Devoted boards, social media teams, and on-line marketplaces present areas for sharing inspiration, in search of recommendation, showcasing creations, and discovering collaborators. These platforms enable cosplayers to attach with fellow fans, no matter geographic location, fostering a way of world group. Particular social media platforms like Instagram and Fb are widespread venues for showcasing high-quality cosplay photos and movies, facilitating a continuing trade of concepts and suggestions.
Offline Occasions and Conventions
Past the digital realm, conventions and devoted cosplay occasions supply alternatives for in-person interplay. Cosplayers collect to show their creations, take part in competitions, and interact in energetic discussions. These occasions present a platform for cosplayers to attach with each other in a tangible method, creating recollections and constructing relationships that reach past the confines of a display screen. The sense of camaraderie and mutual respect fosters a welcoming ambiance for each seasoned cosplayers and newcomers.
Affect on Widespread Tradition
Raven cosplay considerably impacts widespread tradition by introducing various interpretations of the character. The various kinds and approaches replicate a mess of inventive views, showcasing the character’s enduring enchantment. This various vary of interpretations enriches the character’s picture and contributes to the character’s ongoing evolution in widespread tradition. The cosplay group acts as a catalyst for innovation, inspiring artists and designers to discover new methods to signify the character in numerous mediums.
Developments and Interactions throughout the Neighborhood
The Raven cosplay group embraces a dynamic and evolving panorama of developments. Excessive-quality craftsmanship, meticulous consideration to element, and modern interpretations of the character are extremely valued. A powerful sense of group and mutual assist drives interactions, with cosplayers usually providing constructive criticism and encouragement to at least one one other. This assist system is important for fostering a inventive and inclusive surroundings.
Frequent Platforms for Connection
Devoted cosplay web sites and boards function central hubs for connecting cosplayers. Particular social media platforms like Instagram and Fb teams devoted to cosplay present avenues for sharing and discussing creations. On-line marketplaces and boards supply a venue for cosplayers to hunt inspiration, uncover assets, and join with others who share their ardour. These platforms are integral to the group’s perform and development.
Significance of Neighborhood Assist
Neighborhood assist performs an important position within the success and success of Raven cosplayers. Encouragement, constructive suggestions, and shared assets contribute considerably to the standard and creativity of cosplay tasks. The collaborative spirit fosters a constructive and supportive surroundings, driving steady enchancment and innovation throughout the cosplay group. Cosplayers usually depend on this assist community for inspiration, steerage, and the chance to showcase their expertise.
Raven Cosplay in Totally different Media
Raven’s portrayal has developed considerably throughout numerous media, influencing the methods cosplayers interpret and embody her. This evolution showcases the dynamic nature of character illustration and the inventive adaptation of supply materials by cosplayers. Understanding these variations permits for a richer appreciation of Raven’s multifaceted picture and the various interpretations she conjures up.Totally different media platforms, from comics to tv, supply distinctive views on Raven’s character.
Raven Cosplay, a fascinating area of interest, usually conjures up deep emotional responses. The highly effective tales behind these characters resonate deeply, mirroring the uncooked human feelings explored in highly effective items like Vows That Will Make You Cry. These emotional connections are a major issue within the cosplay group’s vibrant and passionate engagement with the craft.
Cosplayers, in flip, draw inspiration from these interpretations, crafting cosplay that displays the precise nuances of every medium’s depiction. The ensuing variations in cosplay spotlight the flexibleness and creativity inherent within the artwork kind.
Comedian Ebook Representations of Raven
Early depictions of Raven in comedian books established her as a brooding, enigmatic determine, usually clad in darkish apparel. This preliminary aesthetic closely influenced early cosplay, showcasing a desire for somber colours and complicated designs impressed by the comedian’s visible language. Many cosplayers emphasize Raven’s aloof and introspective character of their costumes.
Raven in Teen Titans Animated Sequence
The Teen Titans animated sequence considerably impacted how Raven was perceived. The present introduced a extra accessible, although nonetheless mysterious, model of the character. This usually interprets to cosplay that balances her darkish aesthetic with a younger vitality, generally incorporating parts of the present’s distinctive artwork fashion.
Raven in Teen Titans Go!
The comedic portrayal of Raven within the Teen Titans Go! sequence presents a stark distinction to her earlier iterations. Cosplayers usually seize this comedic take by together with exaggerated options or playful parts, demonstrating the adaptability of the cosplay group to totally different interpretations of the character.
Raven in Different Media
Raven’s presence in different media, together with books and video video games, usually introduces distinctive design parts and character traits. Cosplayers reply by drawing inspiration from these variations, leading to a wide selection of interpretations that showcase the flexibility of Raven’s picture.
Raven Cosplay Equipment and Props
Raven cosplay, with its intricate designs and thematic parts, depends closely on the precise equipment and props to actually deliver the character to life. These parts transcend easy gildings; they’re important in conveying the character’s character, historical past, and connection to the supply materials. Mastering the artwork of making compelling equipment and props is vital to reaching a really immersive and spectacular cosplay.The selection and execution of equipment and props considerably elevate a cosplay from fundamental illustration to a strong assertion.
They serve to amplify the general visible influence, offering a deeper understanding of the character for the viewers and a better sense of embodiment for the cosplayer. Efficient props and equipment inform a narrative, revealing points of the character’s background and position throughout the narrative. In addition they help in distinguishing one cosplayer from one other, including a singular contact to an already widespread character.
Frequent Equipment and Props
Important equipment and props for a convincing Raven cosplay embrace gadgets that instantly replicate her character and design. The visible consistency between the cosplay and these parts is essential. For instance, the intricately designed wings, a symbolic employees, and numerous gadgets representing her expertise and historical past contribute to the character’s visible identification.
Raven’s Wings
Raven’s iconic wings are an important element of her aesthetic. They’re usually crafted from light-weight but sturdy supplies, reminiscent of foam, material, and even intricate paper mache constructions. The design ought to precisely replicate the detailed portrayal of the wings within the supply materials, paying shut consideration to the feathers’ construction and shade variations. Including LED lights to the wings enhances their dramatic impact, notably in low-light environments, making them a focus.
Including texture to the wings, utilizing supplies like feathers or fake feathers, will make the cosplay extra detailed.
Raven’s Workers
Raven’s employees is an integral a part of her character, representing her magical skills and powers. The employees could be constructed from wooden, metallic, and even resin, relying on the cosplayer’s funds and talent degree. Ornamental parts, reminiscent of intricate carvings, glowing runes, or hooked up gems, add depth and visible curiosity. Think about using lights and reflective supplies so as to add a magical contact.
The employees’s dimension and weight are necessary to think about for consolation throughout cosplay occasions.
Different Equipment
An entire Raven cosplay usually consists of equipment that mirror her apparel and character. This would possibly embrace intricate jewellery, armbands, and even equipment that signify her specific skills, reminiscent of magical instruments or vials. These particulars are key to distinguishing the cosplayer from different interpretations of the character.
Creating Distinctive Equipment and Props
Crafting distinctive and elaborate equipment and props could be an necessary side of a Raven cosplay. This might contain detailed hand-painting, intricate sculpting, or the usage of specialised supplies. Discovering inspiration from the supply materials and experimenting with totally different methods can result in really distinctive creations.
Significance of Equipment and Props, Raven Cosplay
| Component | Equipment/Props | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
| Raven’s wings | Light-weight, detailed wings with doable LED lights; use of supplies like feathers or fake feathers. | Offers a visually placing illustration of the character, enhances the sense of energy and flight. |
| Raven’s employees | Intricately carved wood employees with embedded runes or gems; presumably incorporate lights or reflective supplies. | Symbolizes Raven’s magical skills and powers; provides depth and visible curiosity to the general cosplay. |
Raven Cosplay Inspiration and References
Drawing inspiration is essential for creating compelling and distinctive Raven cosplays. Understanding the various visible references which have formed the character’s picture throughout numerous media is important for any aspiring cosplayer. This exploration dives deep into the sources that encourage Raven’s distinctive look, permitting cosplayers to tailor their very own interpretations.
Key Visible References
Raven’s design, from her distinctive apparel to her character, has been visually interpreted in quite a few methods. Figuring out key visible references supplies a robust basis for creating a singular cosplay fashion. Analyzing these references permits cosplayers to grasp the core parts that outline Raven and the way they are often tailored and customised.
- Comedian Books: Early interpretations of Raven in comedian books usually function darker shade palettes and extra stylized designs. These early visible representations set up the foundational parts of Raven’s look. Paying shut consideration to those early appearances helps perceive the evolution of her character design.
- Animated Sequence: The animated sequence usually supplies a unique tackle Raven’s look, showcasing dynamic poses and expressions. Observing these animated representations can encourage modern and expressive cosplay designs. The dynamism of the animation usually supplies a definite perspective on Raven’s character.
- Motion pictures and Video Video games: Motion pictures and video video games current Raven with distinctive visible representations, which generally emphasize totally different points of her character. These interpretations can encourage cosplayers to create cosplays that target a particular side of her character, whether or not it is her highly effective demeanor or her introspective nature.
Distinctive Cosplay Kinds
Past replicating present designs, exploring distinctive interpretations of Raven can create distinctive and memorable cosplays. This entails adapting present references or mixing parts from totally different sources to develop a recent, customized tackle the character.
- Emphasizing Raven’s Power: Specializing in poses and apparel that convey energy and willpower can create a dynamic and impactful cosplay. This would possibly contain selecting particular clothes or equipment that spotlight Raven’s bodily prowess. The emphasis must be on expressing Raven’s internal power by way of the cosplay.
- Highlighting Raven’s Mysticism: Cosplayers can use refined particulars and equipment to emphasise Raven’s mystical aspect. This might contain incorporating parts of nature or mystical symbols into the design. The cosplay ought to convey Raven’s deep connection to the supernatural by way of design decisions.
- Making a Private Interpretation: Utilizing a mixture of varied references to create a singular tackle Raven’s look permits cosplayers to showcase their creativity. This method permits for particular person expression and a deeper understanding of the character.
Utilizing Visible Inspiration Successfully
Utilizing visible inspiration successfully for cosplay creation entails cautious commentary and adaptation. It isn’t about merely copying however about understanding the core parts and translating them into a personalised design.
- Analyzing Composition: Understanding the composition of the picture or art work is important. This consists of observing lighting, shade palettes, and character poses. Cosplayers ought to analyze the weather that make the visible illustration compelling.
- Adapting and Modifying: Quite than instantly replicating, cosplayers ought to adapt the chosen references to create a singular interpretation. Modifying present designs permits for a private contact and a particular look.
- Making a Temper Board: Making a temper board with numerous photos and parts that encourage the cosplay may help visualize the specified final result. A temper board acts as a central hub for the inventive course of.
Copyright and Attribution
Correct attribution is important when utilizing references. Respecting the mental property rights of artists is essential. Cosplays ought to at all times acknowledge the sources of inspiration.
Raven Cosplay usually entails intricate particulars and a deep understanding of character design. This meticulous consideration to visible accuracy steadily interprets right into a need for particular bodily attributes, like these seen in light-skinned canines, as showcased in Light Skin Dog examples. In the end, these parts contribute to the general immersive expertise of the Raven Cosplay aesthetic.
- Respecting Copyright: All the time search permission from the copyright holder if the chosen reference requires it. That is necessary for authorized and moral causes.
- Giving Credit score: Explicitly crediting the artists and sources of inspiration is essential. This demonstrates respect and promotes the work of different creators.
Inspirational Artists and Sources
Numerous artists and sources have formed the visible illustration of Raven. Recognizing these influences is important for understanding the character’s evolution.
- Particular Artists (Instance): Acknowledging particular artists, reminiscent of comedian guide artists and illustrators, who’ve created pivotal interpretations of Raven’s look is necessary. This demonstrates the deep-seated affect of particular person creative contributions on the general design.
- Particular Media (Instance): Figuring out particular comedian books, animated sequence, or video video games which have profoundly impacted Raven’s visible design is necessary. Highlighting these influential sources permits for a deeper understanding of how numerous media have contributed to Raven’s evolving picture.
Final Phrase
In conclusion, Raven Cosplay is extra than simply dressing up; it is a testomony to creativity, dedication, and a deep connection to the character. This complete information has explored the historic context, sensible points, group spirit, and media influences that form the artwork of Raven Cosplay. From the meticulous collection of supplies to the resonant interpretation of her complicated character, we have navigated the nuances of this fascinating cosplay kind.
Whether or not you are a seasoned cosplayer or simply beginning your journey, this exploration supplies invaluable insights and inspiration.
Question Decision
What are the commonest supplies used for creating Raven cosplay?
Frequent supplies for Raven cosplay embrace materials like velvet, leather-based, and fake leather-based for the costume’s core parts. Particular supplies like resin or clay could be used for intricate equipment like horns or detailed jewellery, relying on the precise cosplay fashion and complexity.
How can I successfully analysis and discover inspiration for a singular Raven cosplay?
Discover various sources, from comedian guide artwork to fan-created art work and online game depictions of Raven. Analyze the character’s visible illustration throughout totally different media and pay shut consideration to particular design parts, equipment, and shade palettes that resonate together with your desired aesthetic.
What are some widespread platforms the place Raven cosplayers join and share their work?
Cosplayers usually make the most of social media platforms like Instagram, Pinterest, and TikTok to showcase their creations and interact with the broader group. Devoted cosplay boards and web sites additionally present areas for artists to share and talk about their work. Moreover, conference participation usually serves as a precious platform for connection and trade.
How can I keep away from copyright infringement when utilizing visible references for my Raven cosplay?
All the time credit score the unique artists and sources for any photos, art work, or design parts used as inspiration. Guarantee your cosplay is a inventive interpretation, fairly than a direct copy, of present materials to keep away from copyright points.
